In recent years, the number of cases and geographic spread of monkeypox have been increasing, possibly because of waning immunity to smallpox ( 3– 5). Among unvaccinated persons, the monkeypox case-fatality rate can be up to 10%, although case-fatality rates are lower for infection with the West African than the Central African clade of MPXV ( 2). Although infections with these 2 viruses share many clinical features, monkeypox is generally less severe than smallpox ( 1). MPXV is related to Variola virus, the causative agent of smallpox. Monkeypox is a reemerging zoonosis caused by Monkeypox virus (MPXV), a member of the genus Orthopoxvirus.
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